Monga chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera mayendedwe amadzi, mita yamadzi imagwira ntchito zambiri kuposa kungojambulira momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito.Kuyambira pakubwera kwa makina opangira madzi pambuyo pa Kusintha kwa Industrial Revolution m'zaka za zana la 19 mpaka kufalikira kwa mita zamadzi zanzeru mothandizidwa ndiukadaulo wa IoT m'zaka za zana la 21, chida chowoneka ngati wamba ichi chakhala chikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zasayansi zasayansi. M'malo ano a sayansi ndi luso lamakono, kufunika kwa sayansi kwa mamita a madzi kwakula mpaka kuphatikizira mbali zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zilili, kuwunika kwa chilengedwe, ndi kayendetsedwe ka anthu, kukhala njira yofunikira kwambiri yolumikizira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi{4}}kawirikawiri{5}}ndi njira zazikulu zopezera madzi.
Maziko Asayansi a Muyeso Weniweni: Kuchokera ku Ziweruzo Zamphamvu kupita ku Kusanthula Kwambiri
Pamene chikhalidwe chaulimi chidalira magwero a madzi achilengedwe, lingaliro losamveka bwino la "madzi pakufunika" linkalamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi. Komabe, kukula kwa mafakitale ndi kukwera kwa mizinda kwasintha kwambiri malingaliro awa. Kubwera kwa mamita a madzi, kwa nthawi yoyamba, kunapereka umboni wochulukira wa mmene anthu amagwiritsira ntchito madzi{2}}pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zakuthupi monga chiwongolero, kusuntha kwa piston, kapena ma elekitiromagineti kulowetsa madzi kuti asandutse madzi osaoneka akuyenda kukhala ma siginecha owerengeka a digito. Kuthekera koyezera kolondola kumeneku sikofunikira kokha paukadaulo pakubweza bilu ya madzi komanso kofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kasamalidwe ka madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'nyumba, deta ya mita ya madzi ingathandize ofufuza kusanthula kugwirizana pakati pa zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana za moyo (monga nthawi ya kusamba ndi kugwiritsira ntchito makina ochapira) ndi kumwa madzi. Pamlingo wokonzekera m'matauni, kufananiza deta kuchokera ku mamita a masters am'magawo ndi mita yakunyumba kumatha kuwulula zizindikiro zazikulu monga kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa netiweki yapaipi ndi kugawa madzi moyenera.
Kupita patsogolo kwa metrology yamakono kwalimbikitsanso kulondola kwa mita ya madzi. International Recommendation R49, yopangidwa ndi International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIML), imafotokoza momveka bwino cholakwika chachikulu chovomerezeka cha mita zamadzi okhalamo (nthawi zambiri ±2% mpaka ±5%), pomwe labotale-grade high-mamita olondola amadzi amatha kupeza zolakwika zoyezera mkati mwa ±0.1%. Kulondola kotsimikizirika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti data ya mita ya madzi igwire ntchito mwachindunji kafukufuku wa sayansi: akatswiri opanga ma hydraulic amagwiritsa ntchito data yayitali-yomwe imapezeka nthawi yayitali kuti apange njira zogwiritsira ntchito madzi m'tawuni, akatswiri a zachilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera ma mita a madzi omwe agawika m'malo otsetsereka kuti azindikire momwe madzi apansi panthaka amagwiritsidwira ntchito mochulukira, ndipo ngakhale akatswiri ochita kafukufuku akusintha kwanyengo amatha kutulutsa umboni wochulukirapo chifukwa cha chilala komanso nyengo yadzidzidzi. kuchuluka kwa netiweki yamapaipi munthawi yamvula). Frontier in Resource Monitoring and Environmental Science
Potengera kuchulukirachulukira kwa kusowa kwa madzi padziko lonse lapansi, mita yamadzi yakhala zodziwikiratu pakuwunika zachilengedwe. Smart water metre amatumiza zenizeni-data ya nthawi yeniyeni pazigawo zingapo, monga kuthamanga, kuthamanga, ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapatsa{2}}zidziwitso zapamwamba kwambiri zowunika momwe madzi akuyendera. Mwachitsanzo, popenda kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu data ya mita ya madzi kuchokera kumalo osungirako mafakitale, akuluakulu a chitetezo cha chilengedwe amatha kuzindikira kuti madzi akutayidwa mosaloledwa. Kuyerekeza kuwerengera kwa mita pakati pa zolowera m'malo osungira madzi ndi mita za madzi akunsi kwa mtsinje kungawonetse kuchuluka kwa madzi amthirira waulimi. Ngakhale poyang'anira mitsinje yodutsa malire, maiko okwera ndi otsika amatha kukambirana za ufulu wamadzi wamadzi pogawana ma data pamakina ofunikira.
Makamaka, kuphatikiza kwa data mita ya madzi ndi matekinoloje monga geographic information systems (GIS) ndi meteorological satellite sensing ikubweretsa malingaliro atsopano mu sayansi yazamadzi. Ofufuza akugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina kuti azitha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mita yamadzi, kuneneratu molondola nthawi yomwe madzi adzagwiritse ntchito m'matauni osiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera nthawi yoperekera madzi kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuphatikizidwa ndi data yozindikira chinyezi m'nthaka, amathanso kupanga chofananira chamadzi apansi panthaka-chitsanzo chamadzi apansi panthaka kuti apereke chenjezo lasayansi pakutsika kwamadzi apansi panthaka. Ntchitozi sizimangopititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi komanso zimapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo kuti tikwaniritse Zolinga Zachitukuko Zapadziko Lonse (monga SDG 6: Madzi Oyera ndi Ukhondo).
Mlatho Pakati pa Ulamuliro wa Anthu ndi Zisankho Zasayansi-Kupanga
Kufunika kwa sayansi kwa mamita a madzi kumawonekeranso mu mphamvu zawo pa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ogwiritsa ntchito akatha kuwona momwe amagwiritsira ntchito madzi munthawi yeniyeni kudzera pazida zanzeru, malingaliro owoneka bwinowa amatha kusintha kwambiri machitidwe awo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuika mita ya madzi yokhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni-kukhoza kuchepetsa kumwa madzi tsiku lililonse kwa munthu aliyense ndi 10%-15%. Kuchitapo kanthu kwa kachitidwe kakang'ono kameneka kamene kamasintha kwambiri deta ya sayansi kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera anthu, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa anthu pa "kudziwitsa za madzi, kuteteza madzi, ndi kuteteza madzi."
Pamlingo waukulu-, data ya mita yamadzi ndi maziko oyambira popanga malamulo azotengera madzi m'boma. Powunika momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana (monga mafakitale, ulimi, ndi ntchito), opanga zisankho{2}}akhoza kukhazikitsa malire oti agwiritse ntchito madzi onse. Poyerekeza mbiri yakale ndi momwe anthu akuchulukirachulukira, atha kukonzekera ntchito yokulitsa madzi pasadakhale. Ngakhale pakakhala ngozi zadzidzidzi (monga kuphulika kwa mipope ndi kuipitsidwa ndi magwero a madzi), zidziwitso zachilendo zochokera pa netiweki ya mita ya madzi zitha kufika mphindi imodzi-pa-kuyankha kwa mphindi imodzi. Chisankho chasayansi chimenechi-chitsanzo chotsatira mfundo zasayansi, chimachepetsa kwambiri zoyeserera-ndi{10}}ndi{10}}ndalama zolakwa za kasamalidwe ka gwero la madzi ndipo zimathandizira kuti dongosololi likhale lolimba komanso lokhazikika.
Kuchokera pamakina olondola a magiya amakina kupita kumayendedwe opanda zingwe azizindikiro za digito, mita yamadzi nthawi zonse yakhala chida chothandizira anthu kufufuza zinsinsi za madzi. Zoposa chida choyezera madzi akuyenda, zimakhala ngati mgwirizano pakati pa kumvetsetsa kwa sayansi ndi zochita zenizeni. Polemba ndendende mmene dontho lililonse la madzi limayendera, mamita a madzi amatithandiza kumvetsa malamulo a chilengedwe, kukwanilitsa kagawidwe ka zinthu, ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi madzi. M'tsogolomu, ndi kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa intaneti ya Zinthu, deta yaikulu, ndi matekinoloje anzeru zopangira, mamita a madzi adzapitiriza kukulitsa malire awo a sayansi ndikukhala mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe kokhazikika ka madzi padziko lonse lapansi.